آزمایشگاه میلاد با بهره گیری از کادر تخصصی در زمینه های مختلف علوم آزمایشگاهی، آماده پاسخگویی به پرسش ها و مشکلات شما عزیزان می باشدTUMOR MARKER
برای مشاهده جدول تومور مارکرها کلیک نمائید.
| تومور مارکر ها | |||||||||
| USES | |||||||||
| TUMOR MARKER | ASSOCIATED CANCER(S) | USUAL SAMPLE | SCREEN | HELP DIAGNOSE | STAGE | DETERMINE PROGNOSIS | GUIDE CHOICE OF TREATMENT | MONITOR SUCCESS OF TREATMENT & DETECT RECURRENCE | COMMENTS |
| AFP (Alpha-feto protein) | Certain cancers of the liver, ovariesand testes | Blood | X | X | Also elevated during pregnancyand acute and chronic hepatitis | ||||
| B2M (Beta-2 microglobulin) | Multiple myeloma,chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and somelymphomas | Blood, urine,CSF | X | X | Elevated in other conditions, such as kidney disease | ||||
| BCR-ABL | Chronic myleloid leukemia (CML)and BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) | Blood, bone marrow | X | X | |||||
| CA 15-3 (Cancer antigen 15-3) | Breast | Blood | X | Also elevated in other cancers, including lung,ovarian as well asbenign breast conditions, endometriosis,hepatitis; CA 15-3 or CA 27.29 are two differentassays for same marker | |||||
| CA 19-9 (Cancer antigen 19-9) | Pancreatic, sometimes bile ducts, gallbladder, stomach, colon | Blood | X | Also elevated in other forms of digestive tract cancer and non-cancer, thyroid disease,pancreatitis, bile duct obstruction, and inflammatory bowel disease | |||||
| CA-125 (Cancer antigen 125) | Ovarian | Blood | X | X | Also elevated with other cancers such as endometrial, peritoneal, fallopian tube, and non-cancers such as endometriosis,PID, some otherbenign diseases and conditions such as uterine fibroids,pregnancy | ||||
| CA-242 ( Cancer Antigen 242) | Gastrointestinal cancer | Blood | To diagnosis and management of patients with known or suspected gastrointestinal carcinoma | ||||||
| CA 27.29 Cancer Antigen 27.29 or Carbohydrate Antigen 27.29 |
Breast** (best used to detect recurrence or metastasis). Colon, gastric, liver, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate cancers |
Ovarian cysts, liver and kidney disorders, non-cancerous (benign) breast problems | |||||||
| Calcitonin | Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and C-cell hyperplasia | Blood | X | X | Also elevated with other cancers, such as lung cancers andleukemias, but not used to detect these | ||||
| CEA (Carcino-embryonic antigen) | Colorectal as well as pancreatic, lung,breast, ovarian, medullary thyroid or other cancers | Blood | X | X | X | Elevated in conditions such asRA, hepatitis, COPD, colitis,pancreatitis, and in cigarette smokers | |||
| Chromogranin A(CgA) | Neuroendocrinetumors (carcinoid tumors, neuroblastoma) | Blood | X | X | May be most sensitive tumor marker for carcinoid tumors | ||||
| Fibrin/Fibrinogen | Bladder | Urine | X | ||||||
| F-PSA (Free Human Prostate Specific Antigen) |
Prostate Cancer | Blood | improve specificity of prostate cancer screening | ||||||
| Gastrin | G-cell hyperplasia, gastrin-producing tumor (gastrinoma) | Blood | X | X | Also used to help diagnoseZollinger-Ellison syndrome | ||||
| hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin, also called Beta-hCG) | Testicular and trophoblastic disease, germ celltumors, choriocarcinoma | Blood, urine | X | X | Elevated inpregnancy | ||||
| HE4 (Human epididymis protein 4) | Ovarian Cancer | Blood | Usefull for monitoring recurrence or progressive diseas.in patient with epithelial ovarian cancer | ||||||
| HPV(human papillomavirus) | cervical cancer | Cervical cells & genital warts |
Oropharyngeal cancers (cancers of the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils) also can be evaluated |
||||||
| JAK2 mutation | Certain types of leukemia | Blood, bone marrow | X | Also used to diagnose bone marrow disorderscharacterized by overproduction of one or more types of blood cells known asmyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), especially polycythemia vera (PV) | |||||
| KRAS mutation | Colorectal, non-small cell lung cancer | Tissue | X | X | Helps determine whether treatment with targeted therapy is appropriate | ||||
| LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) | Testicular and othergerm cell tumors | Blood | X | X | X | LDH is elevated in a wide variety of conditions and is often used to help identify the cause and location of tissue damage in the body and to monitor its progress; may be used in other cancers, such aslymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma. | |||
| M2PK
|
Colorectal (bowel) cancer |
stool | bleeding or non-bleeding bowel cancers, as well as polyps | ||||||
|
Bence-Jones Proteins |
Multiple myelomaand Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia | Blood, urine
|
X | X | Cloned plasma cell with overproduction of one type of immunoglobulin, usually detected by protein electrophoresis orserum free light chains | ||||
| NMP 22 (urinetest) |
Bladder cancer | BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy), prostatitis | |||||||
| NSE (Neuron-specific Enolase) |
Small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma | Blood or CSF |
That can elevate in
Proton pump inhibitor treatment, hemolytic anemia, hepatic failure, end stage renal failure, brain injury, seizure, stroke |
||||||
| PAP Prostatic Acid Phosphatase |
Metastatic prostate cancer** Myeloma, lung cancer, osteogenic sarcoma |
Prostatitis, Gaucher\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s disease, osteoporosis, cirrhosis, hyperparathyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy | |||||||
| Pro-Grp (Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide)
|
small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) | Blood | For follow up of patients with small cell lung cancer | ||||||
| PSA (Prostate specific antigen) | Prostate | Blood | X | X | X | May be used to screen men at high risk due to family history; no consensus on use to screenasymptomaticmen; also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and with increasing age | |||
| SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC)Antigen) | Squamous cell carcinoma | Blood | Can be used as an aid to stage the carcinoma and determine the response to treatment | ||||||
| S100
|
Malignantmelanoma | Blood | Usefull for diagnosis | ||||||
| Thyroglobulin | Thyroid | Blood,tissue | X | Used after thyroid is removed to evaluate treatment | |||||
| Urine Catecholamines: VMA Vanillylmandelic Acid (24 hour collection of urine; it is a catecholamine metabolite) |
Neuroblastoma Pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuroma, rhabdomyosarcoma, PNET | Dietary intake (bananas, vanilla, tea, coffee, ice cream, chocolate), medications (tetracyclines, methyldopa, MAOIs) | |||||||
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